It also emphasizes the legitimating role that the fascist physicians tried to find in the science (anthropology, psychiatry and psychology), with the aim to discredit marxism and to establish themselves as guarantors of the order in the New State. This paper tries to be a critical analysis of this investigations, from a methodological and ideological viewpoint. Such surveys, published and divulged beetween 1938-1939, concluded with the definition of the psycho-biological features of the.
Therefore, to understand Jung, one must consider the archetypal significance which America held for Jung's own individuation process, as well as the Americanization of Jungian ideas that followed.ĭuring the Spanish civil war, the military psichiatric services of Franco's army carried out psychological and anthropological surveys in a wide set of war prisioners, belonging to the International Brigade, as well as in a shorter series of political prisioners. His experimental researches into the association method and the psychogalvanic reflex, his study of mediums and connection to Swiss psychiatry had numerous unique alliances with the American scene, particularly because of their similar historical relation between psychology and religion. Focusing on the experimental work of the Swiss-American pathologist Adolph Meyer and the American neurologist Frederick Peterson, evidence is then produced to show that Jung, before Freud, was more important in American psychotherapeutic circles. This is followed by an outline of the so-called French-Swiss-English and American psychotherapeutic alliance, of which Jung was a part, and the cross-cultural mediumistic psychology of the subconscious it promoted, chiefly through the works of William James, F.
A review is first presented of the new Jung scholarship – that Jung is to be properly understood, not as a disciple of Freud, but as the twentieth century exponent of the symbolic hypothesis in the tradition of the late nineteenth century psychologies of transcendence.
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